Dependency Parsing

Dependency parsing analyzes the grammatical structure of a sentence by identifying directed relationships between words. Each word except the root is connected to a head word by a labeled arc indicating the syntactic role — subject, object, modifier. The resulting dependency tree exposes predicate-argument structure useful for information extraction, question answering, and semantic role labeling. Classical parsers used shift-reduce or graph-based algorithms; modern parsers use deep learning and achieve near-human accuracy on standard treebanks.